Elektronika | Felsőoktatás » Singh-Kumar-Pareek - A Review on Earth Quake Alarm using MEMS Technology

Source: http://www.doksinet SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016 A Review on Earth Quake Alarm using MEMS Technology Akhalesh Singh[1], Department of Electronics and Comm. Engineering Engineering Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology and Technology, jaipur,india Dinesh kumar pareek[2] Department of Electronics and Comm. Poornima Institute of Engineering Jaipur, India Abhishek kumar [3] Department of Electronics and Comm. Engineering Engineering Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology and Technology, Jaipur, India Lavish jain[4] Department of Electronics and Comm. Poornima Institute of Engineering Jaipur, India Kamal Kishor Choure[5] (Asst. prof of ECE dept) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur,india Abstract- Mobiles can be used for detecting serious earthquakes as well as providing easy and early

warning. Detecting earthquake using simple wireless sensor is very easy and cheap but results are not prefect and due to this many major problems can be detected and rare, disruptive events using community-held sensors is a good opportunity, but it is difficult challenges. Many events are basically difficult or hard to model and characterize, yet we wish to maximize performance. Heterogeneous, community-based sensors may differ widely in quality and communication constraints in many way. In our paper, we present a approach towards detecting serious events that learns sensor-based decision thresholds online, in a distributed manner. It maximizes detection performance at a fusion centre, under constraints of the false alarm rate and number of messages for one sensor. We then present an implementation of our approach in the Community Seismic Network , a community sensing system our aim is to detect earthquakes using cell phones with the help of accelerometers, consumer USB devices and

cloud computing based on specific sensor . We apply our approach based on a pilot deployment of the CSN system. Our results, including data from shake accelerations due to normal daily manipulation. They also provide evidence of the feasibility of earthquake early warning using a dense. table experiments, indicate the effectiveness of our approach in distinguishing seismic motion from[1]. ISSN: 2348 – 8549 Keywords- earthquake wireless transmission alarm ;accelerometer; 1-Introduction:In our paper, we present a basic approach towards detecting rare physical events from communitybased sensors. Due to the unavailability of data characterizing these physical rare events, our approach is based on anonomous detection; sensors learns models of normal sensor data (e.g, acceleration flields experienced by mobile phones under typical manipulation)[2]. Each sensors nodes then independently detects unbasic observations (which are consider likely with respect to the model), and notifies a

centre. The our fusion center then decides that a rare event has occurred or not, based on the received messages. Paper approach is grounded in the theory of decentralized detection, and we characterize its performance according to it. In paper, we show how sensors can learn decision rules that allow us to control system-level false positive rates communication in a principled manner while simultaneously maximizing the detection performance. This design is based on this phenomenon, our instrumentation detect the longitudinal-wave arriving first buildings. The vertical acceleration is about horizontal acceleration 1/2-2/3 under normal circumstances When the wave acceleration value is greater than the predetermined threshold (preliminary design for earthquake intensity Χ level), alarm sound. Before the strong shear wave www.internationaljournalssrgorg Page 46 Source: http://www.doksinet SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume

3 Issue 8 – August 2016 is arrival (specific time by the epicenter decided), it reminds people to leave buildings, thus make the earthquake damage reduction. In addition, when shear waves of acceleration are beyond the threshold, alarm also work. s[1] 2-Accelerometer An accelerometer is a device that measures proper specific acceleration.Proper acceleration is not the same as coordinate acceleration (rate of change of speed). For example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the ground will measure an acceleration 2 accelerometers in free fael (falling toward the center of the Earth at a rate of about 9.81 m/s2) will measure zero[3]. Accelerometers have multiple applications in industry and science. Highly sensitive accelerometers are components of inertial navigation system for aircraft and missiles. Accelerometers are used to detect and monitor the vibration in rotating machinery. these are used in tablet computers and cameras so that images on desire display are always

displayed properly. Accelerometers are used in drones for stabilisation of flights. Pairs of accelerometers extended over a region of desire space can be used to detect differences of system (gradients) in the proper accelerations . These devices are called gravity gradiometer as they measure gradients in the gravitational field. Such pairs of accelerometers in theory may also be able to detect gravitational waves[2]. Single- and multi-axis models of accelerometer are available to detect magnitude and direction of the desire acceleration, as a vector quantity, and can be used to sense orientation (because direction of weight of changes), coordinate acceleration (so long as it produces g-force or a change in g-force), vibration, shocks and falling in a resistive medium (a case where the proper acceleration changes, since it starts increases). Micromachines accelerometers are increasingly present in portable electronic devices and video game controllers, to the position of the device or

provide for desire input[4]. 3- MEMs MEMS are integrated devices or systems that combine mechanical and components. They are in range of size from the sub micrometer level to the signal warning board, at the same time it sound the police cars alarm, the workflow as shown in Fig.2 ISSN: 2348 – 8549 millimeter level and there can be any number, from a one to millions, in a system. MEMS are extend the fabrication techniques developed for the integrated circuit industry to provide mechanical elements such as diaphragms, beams, gears, and springs to devices[6]. Examples of MEMS device applications include inkjet-printer cartridges, microtransmissions, micromirrors accelerometer, miniature robots, microengines, locks inertial sensors, micro actuator (Mechanisms for activating process control equipment by use of pneumatic, hydraulic, or electronic signals) optical scanners, fluid pumps, transducer, pressure and flow sensors. New applications are emerging as the existing technology is

applied to the miniaturization and integration of conventional devices[5]. Figure no :-1 Components of MEMS[1] 4-Earthquake Alarm Overall Structures Data acquisition installed in subterranean position in a building which not easily affected by interference ( by especially vibration interference). The apparatus contain a rotatable rack holding the data acquisition board which can be rotate on the platform from 0° to 360°, wherein the rack is configured to rotate to locate the direction of the gravity acceleration, to get more accurate reading. When data acquisition board collects earthquake acceleration exceed predetermined value which is set, send a warning signal by wireless net to www.internationaljournalssrgorg Page 47 Source: http://www.doksinet SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016 Shown in figure 4 (b) Power supply module: Choose AR33 chip made by AIC Co., it can switch the output voltage

from +5V on (c) Wireless transmission module: This paper selects TI company production of CC1100 wireless transceiver chips for alarm signal transmission . Figure 2 Workflow of data acquisition board[2] Warning of board Signals will be installed on buildings within the fixed each room which has to be detected, when the board receive warning signal, the board will warmed the person using an required alarm of any types of sound, as shown in Fig.3 The board is called as a node. Any no of nodes can be fixed according to requirement to share information. Do as this, the node more far from epic enter also can receive alarm, and alarm persons in the buildings for reducing loss before earthquake arrived.[6] (d)Signal processing module : Main function of this module is to processing the acceleration and compare with prefixed threshold and provide signal to board 5 - Conclusion MEMS accelerometer replace the magnetic sensors used for vibration measurement and start a new era of Vibrational

measurements. Practical applications are more easy ,reliable fast using wireless sensor network instead of using traditional network for transmission. Use of hardware instead of using software for finding gravity acceleration direction make it easy[5][6]. The signal warning board in earthquake alarm can be network constructions each others, to make up for the insufficient of wireless transmission distance limited, so improve alarm effect[7]. Figure3. Workflow of signal warning board[3] charge reverses if the compression changes to tension. Because the effect is reversible in nature for an electric field applied across the material will causes it to contract, or expands, according to the sign of the field. Piezoelectric materials include; Quartz crystals, Rochelle salts, barium titan ate[3]. References [1.] GD Abowd, JPG Sterbenz, Final report on the interagency [2.] [3.] A. Data Acquisition Board 1)The main modules and functions of data acquisition daughter board Data acquisition

daughter board includes detecting module, signal processing module wireless transmission module and power supply [4.] (a) Detecting module: Sensor is an important part of the modules[7]. This paper selects a three axis accelerometer MMA7600QT to measure earthquake acceleration. Its range is f 15g, sensitivity for 800mV/g and its internal function module chart as [6.] ISSN: 2348 – 8549 [5.] [7.] workshop on research issues for smart environments, IEEE Personal Communications (October 2000) 36–40. J. Agre, L Clare, An integrated architecture for cooperative sensing networks, IEEE Computer Magazine (May2000) 106–108. I.F Akyildiz, W Su, A power aware enhanced routing (PAER) protocol for sensor networks, Georgia Tech Technical Report, January 2002, submitted for publication. A. Bakre, BR Badrinath, I-TCP: indirect TCP for mobile hosts, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, Vancouver, BC, May 1995, pp. 136–143 P. Bauer, M Sichitiu,

R Istepanian, K Premaratne, The mobile patient: wireless distributed sensor networks for patient monitoring and care, Proceedings 2000 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, 2000, pp. 17–21 M. Bhardwaj, T Garnett, AP Chandrakasan, Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks, IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC’01, Helsinki, Finland, June 2001. P. Bonnet, J Gehrke, P Seshadri, Querying the physical world, IEEE Personal Communications (October 2000) 10– 15. www.internationaljournalssrgorg Page 48