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JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the National Bureau of Standards-A. Physics and Chemistry Vol. 73A, No1, January-February 1969 A Survey of Blemishes on Processed Microfilm C. S McCamy, S R Wiley,* and J. A Speckman Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C 20234 (July 23, 1968) As part of an investigation of the formation of six types of redox blemishes on microfilm, 7411 rolls of microfilmed records in 36 Federal Government agencies were microscopically inspected by 34 inspectors trained by the National Archives and the National Bureau of Standards. About 350000 obse rvation s were statistic ally analyzed. Careful photographic processing, adequate washing, ca r~ful handling, cool and dry storage in inert containers, and adequate ventilation, are among the condition s that have been found beneficial in preventing blemish formation . Data are compiled in an appendix Key Words: Aging b lemi she s; archival records; blemishes; microfilm blemishes; mi croscop ic

spo ts; redox bl em ishes. 1. Introduction 1.1 Inspection Procedure About 1961, spots and other blemishes were observed on some commercial microfilms and an industrial laboratory undertook an investigation. By the end of 1962 it was clear that the phenomenon was quite widespread and that these blemishes were of a type not previously known. The matter came to the attention of the National Bureau of Standards in the first days of 1963 and studies were immediately initiated. Thousands of rolls of microfilmed Government records were microscopically inspected and the findings were classified by blemish type. That preliminary survey clarified the problems and established the need for a broader survey than could be made directly by the NBS staff. Two objectives were sought: an appraisal of the condition of the millions of rolls of microfilmed Federal records and the discovery of relationships among pertinent variables which would assist in determining the causes of blemish formation and in

formulating recommendations for action to prevent further attack. To assist in unifying research on this problem, a handbook naming and describing the blemishes and methods of sampling collections and inspecting films was published [1).1 With the cooperation of the National Archives, 100 inspectors were trained to sample collections, inspect the films microscopically, and report their findings. About one-third of these participated in the survey reported here. Inspections were made in 36 Federal Government microfilming facilities. Information was obtained from the files of the agency holding the microfilm, from the original source of the materials, or from people who had been involved with the preparation and storage of the materials. Unfortunately, there were few if any records of the conditions of processing and storage over the years The need for such records was not previously apparent, however obvious it may now be. Other information was found on the labels of the storage

containers or was obtained by inspecting the film with the unaided eye. Although some blemishes are visible to the unaided eye, it was found necessary to use a microscope to inspect the films. A complete description of the inspection technique is given in reference 1. The microfilming facilities of a number of other government agencies and private institutions were visited by one of the authors (Wiley). These included processing laboratories and storage facilities in all climatic areas of the United States. In a number of instances the data reported on the inspection sheets may not have been properly interpreted if the mass inspections and statistical reports were not followed by inspection of many facilities by a trained observer. Furthermore, these field trips included non-government facilities, from which information would not otherwise have been obtained. 2. Classification of Blemishes Many kinds of defects and blemishes can appear on processed microfilm. This study was initiated

because of the discovery of apparently related types of blemishes of unknown origin in some commercial ·Current address: U.S Army Mal} Service, Washington DC 20315 I Fi gures in brac kets indica te the lit erature references at the end of thi s paper. 79 collec tions. These blemishes have been referred to by many names: "microscopic spots" or "microspots," eve n though many are clearly visible to the unaided eye and many arent spots; "measles," a totally inappropriate term because the blemishes bear no relationship to the human disease by that name, the blemishes were not caused by any biological activity, and this term has already been used in photographic engineering for some time for the effect better known as the "half-tone effect"; "J-type blemishes" or "J-spots," a shorthand allusion to Project Jupiter, the name assigned to the project at NBS during the first months; and "aging ble mishes," the name which

seemed to de scribe them most accurately. However, after considerable investigation we know that the oxidation and reduction of silver are the principal reactions and we can induce such reactions in a day or so [2, 3, 4, S, 6, 7]. Therefore we feel that the name "redox blemishes" is the most accurate descriptor. These blemishes were classified in six types as follows: contrary, their shapes may be very distorted to accommodate to the spaces between characters or parts of characters. Type S Type 5 is a reddening of the dark background in the immediate neighborhood of lighter characters. The boundaries of the discoloration are very diffuse. The shape is not regular, being determined by the shape of the characters or line of characters with which the discoloration is associated. Type 6 Type 6 is a reddish , orange, or yellow spot of reduced density, lightest at the center and gradually blending into the surrounding background. An irregular opaque or crystalline particle is

commonly observed on the surface of the film at the center of the spot. The sizes of the spots may vary considerably, even within a small region. 3. Reporting Type 1 Type 1 redox blemishes are circular spots, usually SO to ISO micrometers in diameter, with sharp boundaries. Concentric light and dark rings are common Spots normally occur as reduced density in highdensity "background" areas , but may make incursions into low-density lines or characters. They are usually brown, orange, reddish, or yellow in color. It is common to find many spots about the same size on a sample. The circular boundaries of two or more spots may intersect. The spots are often seen centered on scratches in the emulsion, sometimes closely packed like beads on a string. They sometimes occur in higher concentration at steep density gradients between high- and low-density regions, sometimes being so closely packed as to give the appearance of a continuous band. By reflected light, the spots may

display a silvery sheen. The incidence of a type of blemish could have been reported on the basis of the percentage of rolls affected but this method would not indicate the severity of the attack. In recording severity, it was necessary to consider the blemishes to be of two major kinds: spot blemishes (types 1,3,4, and 6) and character-associated blemishes (types 2 and S). The concentration of spot blemishes was indicated by the number of spots per square centimeter. Five classes of severity were assigned numerical designations from 1 to S, a severity of 1 was less than one spot per square centimeter, 2 was 1 to 8, 3 was 8 to 63, 4 was 63 to SOO, and S was over SOO. A severity of "zero" meant that no blemishes were found. After measuring the microscope field, the inspectors soon learned to recognize the severity on sight. Five severities of character-associated blemishes were defined as follows: 1. Blemishes barely detectable, have no effect on the original shape and size

of the characters. 2. Blemishes clearly visible, coloration change clearly visible, but shape and size of characters unchanged. 3. Blemishes well developed Lines or parts of lines making up c haracters changed, but general shape of characters is unchanged. 4. Blemishes have altered the shape and size of characters to the extent that individual characters could not be identified with certainty out of context. Characters can be identified in context. S. Blemishes have so altered the size and shape of characters that they cannot be identified with certainty even in context. This constitutes information loss, on a given roll, in the practical sense. Information from other rolls of microfilm should not be considered part of the context. The findings were reported on General Services Administration forms 1990 and 1990A, shown in the appendix. Form 1990A was prepared for each roll inspected. Three parts of each roll were inspected: Type 2 Type 2 are defects in the light lines forming the

characters themselves , rather than in the high-density "bac kground." The lines making up the characters become lighter, yellowish, and broader. The boundaries of the defect are sharp. Type 3 Type 3 are very small spots, about 10 to IS micrometers across. When they occur, there is usually a large number per unit of area. They usually range from pale yellow to orange in color. Their boundaries are sharp. By reflected light, the spots may display a silvery sheen. Type 4 Type 4 blemishes are spots of less regular shape than type 1 but about the same size or a little larger , usually lighter in color, and less sharply bounded. A circular ce ntral " nucle us" is common. These spots occur in high-de nsity "background" areas. They do not make inc ursions on low-de nsity characters; on the 80 the leader, where only types 1, 3, 4, and 6 were possible, frames next to the leader, and center frames. The 16 severity ratings were reported along with answers to 32

questions concerning characteristics of the given roll of film, the conditions under which it had been stored, and the presence of certain common defects. Form 1990 was a summary of the findings for a stratum. The information involving storage conditions was not as reliable as we would have liked. For exa mple, reported temperatures and humidities were us ually estimated rather than measured. Data for films whj c h were known to have been stored und e r more than one set of conditions were not included in the tabulations for storage conditions. On the basis of these considerations, it is believed that two reported severity scores should not be considered significantly different unless their difference is 1 or more. The significance of comparisons of fractions defective depends on the number of rolls in the sample and the fractions involved. The standard deviation s of a fraction defective 1 in a random sample containing n rolls is given in table I. The fractions defective in two

different classes may be considered significantly different if the difference between the fractions exceeds twice the sum of the standard deviations of the fractions. When th e results were first tabulated , th e fraction of rolls blemished in agencies 15 and 16 was so high that these agencies were visited and the condition s there were carefully reviewed. All of the defec tive films were processed by a particular type of processing machine that had small tanks, inadequate provision for removal of solutions from the film betwee n baths, and inadequate washing capability. It was customary to load dry chemicals into the tanks rather than to dissolve them first, as is usually done. The machine is no longer on the market. In one agency, this type of processor was replaced years ago, by a machine with better washing and drying and the film processed by the new machine has not become blemished. In view of this apparent explanation of the consistently high incidence of blemishes at agencies

15 and 16 and the overriding influence that these data had on the analysis, many of the computations were don e a second time, omitting the data from these agencies. Finally, due to the inherent nature of this type of data, one should be cautioned not to draw co nclusions concerning the causes of blemishes solely on the basis of the statistical significance of the data. The tabulations point out possible causes for the redox blemishes, but they must be interpreted in the light of technical knowledge of microfilms and, whenever possible, backed up by laboratory experience. 4. Statistical Analysis The main purpose of the analysis was to discover factors or combinations of factors considered likely to affect the formation of blemishes. The data were grouped into categories on the basis of one or more of the 32 items reported on the inspection sheets and calculations were performed to summarize information on the incidence and severity of the blemishes for each category. For this purpose,

each roll was considered to have 2 severity scores: the total severity score for the leader (the sum of the severities for the 4 different types of blemishes); and the total severity score for the information section (the sum of the 12 severities for the 6 different types of blemishes and for the 2 positions). For each category, the following information was tabulated: n, the total number of rolls in the category kL the number of rolls with blemishes on the leader k" the number of rolls with blemishes on the information section A, the fraction of rolls with blemishes on the leader 11> the fraction of rolls with blemishes on the information section XL, the average, over kL rolls, of the total severity score for the leader x" the average, over k, rolls, of the total severit y score for the information section. In the statistical analysis it was not practical to consider all possible combinations of factors. For this reason, there is the possibility that differences could

result from the coincidence of some unrecognized factor with other factors under study. Statistical analysis is based on the assumption of rando m sampling. Since the rolls of film were usually selected by the inspectors and the procedures probably varied among inspectors, randomness is not as well assured as it might be in controlle d experiments in a single laboratory. The severity ratings gave no indication of whether a given severity was localized in a small area or was c haracteristic of the whole roll. Thus the choice of location for inspection could materially affect the results if the severity varied greatly over the roll. For the purpose of appraising the condition of a collection of microfilms , the total quantity of film affected might be of considerably more interest than it would be for the present purpose. It is of scientific interest to know that the physical and chemical conditions for blemish formation were present, even if on a small area, although it would have been

desirable to know the extent as well. TABLE n f=0.10rO9 0.3 or 07 0.5 25 50 100 200 500 1000 0.06 .04 .03 .02 .01 .01 0.09 .06 .04 .03 .02 .01 0.10 .07 .05 .04 .03 .02 Valu es not tabulated can be computed, using the re lationship; s2=f(l -f) /n. 81 324- 1940- 69- 6 I. Standard deviation s of a fraction defective f in a sample of n roLLs 5. Results The statistical results are summarized and discussed in this section. For what value they may have for further study, all of the tables of nume ri cal results are given in the appendix. The discu ssion s of results in this section are given the same numbers as the corresponding tables in the appendix. Not all tables in the appendix are discussed here. To facilitate encoding the data for the computer, a number was assigned to each reporting government agency, in spector, processing facility, and film supplier. Th e agency identifi cation was a valuable aid in further studi es but the data were obtained with the understanding

that agencies would not be identified in published reports. The identity of inspectors was of little interest except for a detailed analysis of the statistical nature of the data, for whi c h purpose the numerical identification is even more convenient than names. It is not our poli cy to publish comparisons of the merits of commercial products and services; therefore, we would not, without some compelling reason , identify the processing service facilities or film suppliers in a comparative study such as this. The statistics refer almost entirely to films manufactured in this country. Thus, to avoid misunderstanding or misuse of data, several of the factors are identified by number only. To conserve space in the tables in which the results were classified by agency, agencies reporting no blemishes were not li sted, although the data relative to these agencies were used in the analysis, where appropriate. 1. Agency Two agencies, 15 and 16 , reported an incidence of blemishes far in

excess of all others. Both had used a processing machine which left chemicals on the film. After installation of a different type of machine in one of these agencies, all subsequently processed films were free of blemishes. Of 36 agencies, 20 found no blemishes on information areas, 13 of the 20 having inspected 25 rolls or more ; and 17 found no blemishes on leaders, 13 of these having inspected 25 rolls or more. 2. Agency and Inspector Agencies 31,40,52, and 92 each had enough inspec tions made by different inspectors to permit statisti cal comparison among inspectors. Th e reporting within the se agencies was consistent, indicating, in all probability, adequate . training, good coord ination of criteria of judgmen t , and careful exercise of observation and judgement. 3. Processing Facility Two agenGies, 15 and 16, which processed their own films (processors 47 and 14, respectively), had over 90 percent blemished films. Film from three facilities had 25 to 52 percent, four had 10 to

24 percent, and two had 1 to 10 percent. Of 42 processing facilities, 25 had processed films with no blemishes on leaders and 26 had none on information areas. 4. Agency and Processing Facility Known unsatisfactory c harac teristics of the processing mac hines at agencies 15 and 16 account for the high incidence of blemishes reported there. Agency 31 reported very high incidence and high severity on 1499 films processed at facility 20, but only half the incidence and less severity on films processed by facility 41. Since these films were stored and handled alike, there is a clear indication that processing conditions can be important determinants of ble mish-forming potential. 5. Film Manufacturer This section and the associated table in the appendix are entitled "Film Manufacturer" be cause that was the information requested in the survey. However, the data actually refer to brand names , since they were what were known to the inspectors. In some cases one manufacturers

product might be known by two names. We know that two of the brands (6 and 10) considered in the present analysis were manufactured by the same company and there may be other such cases. Both the frequency and severity of blemishes reported for these two brands of film were substantially different , indicating that variables other than the kind of film made the difference. This example illustrates very well the need for caution in the interpretation of the statistics. 6. Agency and Film Manufacturer In an experiment designed to test films, the film brands would be equally distributed among all the other pertinent variables, but in practical experience we expect that certain combinations of films and processors would be sold by the same dealers and would be used together. There would be some tendency for one agency to continue to use the same brand, reordering from the same dealer as long as the price and quality were satisfactory. Then all the processing, handling, and storage

conditions associated with that agency would be correlated with that film brand. The consistently bad results at agencies 15 and 16 were associated with 5 different brands of film. The consistently good results at agency 81 were associated with 4 brands. Under good conditions, all films were good; under bad conditions, they were all bad. Thus, we find no basis for ranking the various brands of film on the basis of their tendency to withstand the formation of blemishes. Agencies reporting no blemishes are not included in table 6. 7. Year of Purchase The frequency of observed blemishes increased with the time since the film was purchased. This accounts in part for the fact that microfilms were in use for many years before redox blemishes were discovered. There was no distin ct trend of severity with time. 8. Year Processed Since films were usually processed soon after they were purchased, the statistics are similar for time since purchase and time since processing. 9. Frequency of Use

The incidence of blemishes and their severity are both inversely related to the frequency of use. This suggests that the stagnant atmosphere associated with disuse promotes blemish formation, while the ventilation associated with use is beneficial. 10. Type of Container One-third of all films stored in cans were at agencies 15 and 16. At these agencies prac tically all films were blemished, so these agencies account for almost all blemished film found in cans. With these agencies omitted, the blemish frequency 82 on the leaders of film stored in cardboard containers was twelve tim es that on film s stored in cans. The frequen cy of blemi shes on the information sections of films stored in cardboard co ntainers was 3.2 tim es that of film s stored in cans. Th e se ve rity on film s stored in c ardboard co ntain ers was about twice as bad as that on films in cans . In mo st cases, there was no way of knowing whethe r or not film s had always been stored in the containers in which they

were found at the time of inspection. 11 . Type of Reel Cardboard reels were associated with substantially more blemishes than were other type s of reels. The severity was also substantially higher for these reels on information areas but not on leade rs. 12. Temperature There was a significant but not monotonic increase in ble mish frequen cy and severity with incre asing maximum temperature. There was a significant increase in blemi sh frequency and severity with increasing minimum te mperature. 13. R elative Humidity Aside from agencies 15 and 16, the effe ct of humidity on ble mish incidence was quite pronounced. When the maximum humidity was 51 to 60 percent, there were 11 times as many blem· ished lead ers and 19 times as many ble mished infor· mation sections as there were when the maximum humidity was 20 to 50 percent. The 55 rolls stored at humiditie s ranging as high as 71 to 80 percent had been in storage only a short time . Among 526 rolls of film for which the minimum

storage humidity was less than 40 percent, there was only 1 blemished leader and no ble mished information fram es, whe reas among the 1472 rolls for which the minimum humidity was over 40 percent, there were 477 ble mished leaders and 283 films with blemished information areas. In the arid southwestern part of the United States, Wiley observed a collection of film s, including several brands processed in many places over a twenty-five year period and s tore d in cans or paper boxes. The storage te mperature was thought to exceed 100 OF frequently but the humidity was always low. No redox ble mishes were found on these films. 14. Air Conditioning Aside from agencies 15 and 16, films stored in nonair-conditioned spaces had 8 times as many ble mished leaders and twice as many blemished information sections. The severity was also substantially greater, being nearly twice as severe for information sections. 15. Storage Location Office storage was associated with substantially fewer

blemishe d leaders and less severely affected leaders than any other type of storage area li sted. On the other hand , this advantage was not observed with respec t to blemishes on information sections of the films . 16. Humidification Trays Unfortunately, the question as ked in the survey did not elic it the required information. Responde nts indi cated the current practice but said nothing about usage in the past About three fourths of the positive answers were with reference to films stored in me tal cans which would nearly nullify the effects of humidifying the cabinets. The 324- 194 0 - 69 - 7 validity of any inferences drawn from these data would be questionable. 17. Type of Leader The eight repo rts of ble mi s hes on plastic leaders mu st be erron eous, but they were not considered of sufficient inte rest to inves tigate. The number of reports of clear-and-plastic leaders was too small for valid statistical inference. The film s without leaders had a higher incidence of

blemishes on information sections than films with leaders, the criterion of significance of the difference being barely exceeded. The incidence of blemishes on the leader varied from one type of leader to another by a factor of 49 with a corresponding change by a factor of only 1.2 in the incidence on information frames Thus a leader appears benefi cial and it seems to make little difference which of these kinds is used. 18. Length of Leader Films without leaders had a blemi sh incidence rate 2 to 3 times that for film s with lead ers. Films with leaders more than 5 ft long had a little lower inc idence than those with s horte r leaders . 19 and 20. Number of Splices The co mbin ed stati sti cs for agencies other than 15 and 16 indicate very low incid ence on information areas when more th an 5 s plices were mad e . The stati stical analysis was, howe ver, domin ated by the very numero us splices on unblemished film at agency 52. When th e data were analyzed by agency, out of 8

agencies th at had many splices and some blemishes, 6 displayed an in crease in in cid ence on information areas with increasing number of splices. More splicing implies more handling and, in most cases, more fingerprinting and other contamination. In agency 52, films were spliced carefully and handled with gloves At agency 52, the incidence decreased with the number of splices Thi s suggests, as did the data on Frequency of Use and Storage Location, that more active files bene fit from better ventilation. Table 20 lists only those agencies reporting so me ble mis hes. 21. Type of Splice Rolls with overlap splices had 2 to 3 times th e blemi sh rate of rolls with butt spli ces and higher severity. 22. Type of Band Most of the films examined had no string, paper, rubber or other band to hold the coil tight. The slight differences observed when bands were employed are not significant because of the small number of such cases. 23. Chemical Residues At agencies 15 and 16, practically all

films had blemishes and chemical residues but elsewhere the incidence of blemishes was independent of such residues . 24. Silvery Sheen on Leaders The incidence and severity of blemishes on leaders and information areas were significantly greater when a silvery s hee n appeared on the leader. 25. Silvery Sheen on Dense Areas Where a silvery sheen appeared on dense areas of the information section, the incidence and severity of blemishes on information areas inc reased greatly. 26. Discoloration or Fading Apart from agencies 15 and 16 where many films were discolored and faded, this defect was so infrequent that correlations are not significant. 83 27. Water Spots Reports of water spots were associated with an increased incidence of blemishes on information areas, however, on the leaders the trend was in the opposite direction. 28. Other Blemishes When agencies 15 and 16 were included, reports of other kinds of blemishes were associated with considerable increases in the incidence of

redox blemishes on both leaders and information areas. Without agencies 15 and 16, the trend was opposite. TABLE 1. Summary of results classified by agency Leader Agency n k 6. Summary Clean and uniform processing conditions, including adequate washing, have always been considered essential to the preparation of permanent record films. The data emphasize this point. More emphasis must now be placed on cool and dry storage in containers that do not evolve chemicals that cause blemish formation. Ventilation appeared desirable, but this factor probably would not have been important were it not for the widespread use of cardboard containers for the storage of microfilm. The authors are grateful to the administrators of the many agencies which set up programs to cooperate with us in this survey, to the many records officers and others who conducted the actual inspections, to the personnel of the Bureau of the Census who encoded all of the information on punched cards, and to the

personnel of NBS who provided computer services. 7. Appendix The following symbols are used in the tables in this appendix: n number of rolls of film inspected k number of rolls of film with blemishes f fraction of films with blemishes (expressed III decimal notation) x average, over k rolls, of the total severity score. Agencies, inspectors, processing facilities, and film suppliers are identified by number only and the identities are not available for publication. 84 Information section f x O. O. O. O. O. . . . k 0 0 0 0 0 10 11 12 13 14 1 60 54 28 501 0 0 0 0 0 15 16 17 18. 19 142 246 34 99 123 116 221 0 0 0 O. O. O. 20 21 22 31 40 25 94 200 1668 301 0 0 0 870 20 51 52 61 62 63 209 1545 628 116 405 59 384 87 16 37 71 72 73 81 82 100 35 65 13 9 27 0 11 2 1 83 84 86 87 91 11 31 6 3 102 1 0 0 0 0 ,09 O. O. O. O. . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 92 101 102 103 III 159 10 6 82 299 3 4 1 12 34 .02 .40 .17 .15 .11 3.00 5.00 5.00 2.24 2.88 11 6 0 7 146 121

1 0 . 1 .82 .90 . . x O. O. O. O. O. . . . . . . . . 116 243 0 0 0 o. O. . O. . O. . .52 4.69 .07 1.15 0 0 0 472 15 . O. . O. . O. .28 7.51 .05 3.67 .28 .25 .14 . 14 .09 1.72 3.67 f 5.19 5.97 3.41 3.88 3.76 .27 3.44 O. . .17 2.00 .15 2.00 .11 4.00 O. 3.00 109 98 103 15 70 23 0 10 0 0 .82 .99 O. O. .52 .06 .16 .13 .17 .23 o. 3.51 8.59 . . . 2.63 5.32 2.84 6.13 3.71 3.35 . .15 3.30 O. . O. . O. O. O. O. O. .07 .60 . . . . 4.27 4.67 O. . .09 2.45 .49 4.43 1.00 3.00 TABLE 2. 5nmmary of resnlts classified by agency and inspector InAgency spec· tor Leader TABLE f 5nmmary of resnlts classified by p rocessing facility Information section Leader n k 3. :f f k ProcessOl X Information section n k f :f O. . . O. O. O. . . . f k :f 15 231 142 116 0.82 1.72 116 0.82 3.51 230 232 245 1 220 1 .90 1.00 3.66 6.00 242 .99 1.00 8.57 12.00 10 140 141 161 233 34 622 1 419 592

27 320 0 227 296 .79 .51 4.48 4.62 .12 .25 7.25 7.44 110 194 300 101 100 100 2 2 16 20 30 1 208 0 59 25 III 200 260 398 339 372 370 92 84 96 108 20 628 20 16 1 31 .54 .50 4.89 4.62 4 155 0 148 165 .02 .02 .16 1.50 1.00 1.12 10 0 5 .10 3.20 O. . .05 4.60 O. . .28 5.19 0 109 O. . .52 2.63 .23 .25 .26 .29 5.59 6.05 6.00 6.36 29 23 22 22 .o? .07 .06 .06 5.38 4.13 5.59 6.59 87 .14 3.41 103 .16 2.84 116 16 .14 3.88 15 .13 6. 13 20 405 37 .09 3.76 70 .17 3.71 21 100 27 .27 3.44 23 .23 3.35 130 65 11 .17 2.00 10 .15 3.30 20 13 2 .15 2.00 0 O. . 20 9 1 .11 4.00 0 . 20 II 1 .09 3.00 0 o. o. 31 150 180 48 110 1 3 0 0 6 5 0 4.67 .13 3.80 .05 O. . 50 120 3 7 2 2 .67 .29 7.50 2.50 3 3 1.00 .43 120 6 1 .17 5.00 0 O. 20 120 6 82 0 12 0 7 O. . .09 2.29 190 299 34 o. . o. .35 .28 . 8.02 7.12 40 51 52 61 62 63 71 73 81 82 83 . 92 .06 3.00 O. . . O. 101 102 103 .

O. .15 2.08 6.00 3.33 . 111 .ll 2.88 146 .49 4.43 85 o. o. o. O. o. o. . . 1 2 3 4 5 26 4 3 60 100 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 88 290 2 1 5 0 19 0 0 1 11 12 13 14 15 26 9 26 232 91 0 1 0 209 0 o. 16 17 18 19 20 7 40 235 158 1720 0 7 25 3 832 O. . 0 .17 2.14 9 .11 3.20 122 .02 3.00 11 .48 4.68 451 21 22 23 24 25 34 1 17 328 1903 0 0 0 35 444 26 27 28 29 30 1 13 11 1 4 0 3 0 0 2 o. .23 2.00 O. . O. . .50 2.00 1 1 0 0 1 1.00 3.00 .08 4.00 O. . O. . .25 4.00 31 32 33 34 40 1 1 1 32 277 0 1 0 0 0 O. . 1.00 6.00 O. . O. . O. . 0 1 0 0 0 o. 41 42 43 44 45 173 5 4 83 171 47 1 0 0 0 .27 4.32 .20 8.00 O. . O. . O. . 25 0 0 0 0 46 47 1 114 1 114 o. . O. . .07 1.16 o. . O. . .20 5.00 O. . 4.00 .11 . .90 3.62 O. . O. o. O. .11 .23 1.00 1.00 . . . 3.86 5.76 . 2.00 1.72 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 1 0 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 64 195 1 114 . , . . . .05 3.79 O. . O. . .20 4.00 O. O.

o. . . . .99 8.71 O. . . O. .22 3.44 .52 4.44 .07 4.27 .26 7.54 O. o. o. .20 .10 . . . 3.78 4.12 . 1.00 3.00 O. . o. O. .14 o. O. o. o. 1.00 1.00 . . 6.12 . . . . 4.00 3.50 TABLE 4. Summary of results classified by agency and processing facility TABLE 5. Summary of reSltlts classified by manufacturer Leader Information section Leader Age ncy Processor Information section n Manufacturer n f k x f k x 15 46 47 1 114 1 114 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.72 1 114 1.00 1.00 4.00 3.50 14 232 209 .90 3.62 230 .99 8.71 16 31 10 20 41 1 1499 167 1 824 45 1.00 .55 .27 5.00 4.70 4.42 1 446 25 1.00 .30 .15 4.00 7.59 6.12 7 290 19 .07 1.16 14 .05 3.79 25 103 28 .27 6.11 59 .57 2.61 20 25 1 1539 1 382 1.00 .25 6.00 5.97 0 98 20 25 2 73 0 0 O. O. 25 32 6 1 5 1 .83 1.00 20 24 9 328 0 35 O. .11 25 42 84 1 19 1 .23 1.00 1 . 177 2 . 107 3 . 97 4 . 1093 5

. 2 6 . 5238 8 . 7 9 . 70 10 . 391 11. 94 k f 117 6 3 297 0 1453 0 0 0 0 0.66 .06 .03 .27 3.24 1.50 3.33 3.17 O. .28 4.86 O. O. O. O. k f 104 7 7 298 0 989 0 0 1 0 0.59 .07 .07 .27 7.52 2.43 8.86 5.98 O. .19 5.56 O. O. O. O. 3.00 40 51 TABLE 5A. Summary of results classified by manufacturer 52 O. Agencies IS and 16 omitted . .06 5.32 . " 1 2 .50 .03 3.00 2.50 3.20 6.00 3 1 .50 1.00 3.00 3.00 . 3.86 3 64 .33 .20 2.67 3.78 2.74 8.00 23 0 .27 3.35 61 Leader . Manufacturer 62 63 1 . 110 2 . 102 90 3 . 4 . 853 2 5 . 6 . 5189 8 . 7 9 . 70 10 . 391 11. 94 71 73 25 27 30 20 13 4 0 3 2 O. 20 41 2 6 0 2 O. 12 9 1 10 25 42 4 3 4 0 1 0 .23 .50 81 . 2.00 2.00 O. . 0 1 1 O. . .08 .25 4.00 4.00 .33 2.00 0 0 O. O. ·. . .11 4.00 0 O. ·. . 0 0 0 O. O. O. · . ·. .

. 82 83 O. .33 O. 3.00 . TABLE . . 158 3 .02 3.00 11 .07 4.27 25 10 4 .40 5.00 6 .60 4.67 25 6 1 .17 5.00 0 20 25 10 28 7 4 .70 .14 2.29 1.75 1 4 .10 .14 3.00 2.50 17 18 40 235 7 25 .17 .11 2.14 3.20 9 122 .22 .52 3.44 4.44 26 I 0 1 1.00 3.00 k f 62 1 0 63 0 1432 0 0 0 0 0.56 .01 x k f 3.5 2 .0 39 2 0 58 0 967 0 0 1 0 0.35 .02 O. .07 4.2 O. .28 4.9 O. O. O. O. x 5.0 2.5 O. .07 4.9 O. .19 O. O. O. O. 5.5 3.0 Summary of results classified by Agency and film manufacturer Film Agency manufacturer 92 19 6. Information section n Leader Information section n k 101 f x k f x 102 O. 15 . 103 121 . 116 26 116 0 1 2 3 4 6 67 5 7 124 23 55 5 3 U8 21 1.00 O. 1.72 . 116 0 O. 3.00 1.40 3.33 4.02 4.19 65 5 7 124 22 .97 1.00 1.00 1.00 .96 1.00 3.51 . 16 III O. 4 6 86 .82 1.00 .43 .95 .91 9.03 2.40 8.86 8.78 6.82 r TABLE 6. Summary of results classified by Agency and film

manufa cturer- Continu e d TABLE 7. Summary of results classified by year of purchase Leader Film Age ncy manufacturer Le ad e r In forma ti o n secti on Years information section n n k f x f k k x 1901- 1945 . 346 1946--1950 . 1203 1951-1955 . 1640 1956-1960 . 1487 1961-1965 . 513 31 4 6 169 1498 46 823 .27 .55 4.39 4.70 26 446 .15 .30 6.27 7.58 1 4 6 18 2 0 0 .37 .02 Lll 1.50 3 8 2 0 .06 .06 .02 LO 49 129 94 19 3.33 3.12 8.50 4 6 3 203 2 56 4 6 8 1 1541 2 0 384 0 I 4 6 48 73 501 35 2 49 1 2 4 5 6 8 10 7 21 2 68 1 9 0 1 0 6 0 4 6 19 386 0 37 4 6 17 83 6 40 O. O. . . O. 137 478 472 420 110 f x 0.40 466 .40 464 .29 469 .28 452 .21 326 x k f 181 300 256 349 67 0.52 .25 .16 .23 .13 6.03 6.08 4.60 6.52 6.76 . 51 .67 .28 4.50 5.29 3 103 . . 0 98 0 4.49 2.00 2.67 27 1 73 4:.11 9 0 2 0 4 0 1.00 .51 2.00 2.68 TABLE 52 O. .25 O. 5.97 O. .06 O. Agen cie s 15 and 16 om itted . "

5.32 . Leader 61 .73 .03 .10 .56 .01 .15 7A. Summary of res ults cLassified by year of purchase Years 4.00 2.00 2.41 I nformat.ion secti on n c------ k f x k 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.8 3.7 181 239 172 247 16 x f 62 .90 O. .05 O. .09 . 3.00 . 3.67 O. . O. . 63 .90 O. .10 O. .06 8.56 1. 50 . 3.00 O. . . 3.76 0 70 o. .10 8 19 .47 .23 5.12 2.74 0 23 O. 40 4 .lO 2.00 5 1 2 4 6 2 3 4 2 0 0 2 0 . . . 0 0 0 0 O. O. O. O. . . . . 6 9 I 4.00 0 O. . 2 4 6 4 5 2 0 0 1 O. O. . . 0 0 0 O. O. O. . . . 3 6 lO 31 127 1 0 3 0 O. O. . . 0 11 0 6 lO 4 .40 5.00 6 6 6 1 . 17 5.00 0 O. 2 4 6 2 1 44 I 0 II 2.00 I 1 5 .50 1.00 .11 1 2 3 4 6 1 1 1 20 261 0 0 0 0 33 O. O. O. O. lO 1 0 O. .18 1901- 1945 . 346 1946- 1950 . 1142 1951- 1955 . 1555 1956-1960 . 1381 1961- 1965 . 438 . 137 417 392 326 65 0.40 .37 .25 .24 .15 0.52 .21 .11 .18 6.0 6.2 4. 3 6.1

3.8 .04 3.71 71 . .28 3.35 .13 3.80 TABLE 8. Summary of results classified by year processed 73 In fo rm ation sectio n Leader 81 O. O. .50 O. 2.00 Years n k 82 .Il 1901- 1945 . 361 1946-1950 . 16lO 1951-1955 . 1836 1956- 1960 . 1856 1961-1965 . 801 83 .50 3.00 69 646 507 417 127 f 0.19 .40 .28 .22 .16 x 4.20 4.65 4.64 4.51 3.37 k 111 455 249 381 78 x f 0. 31 .28 .14 .2 1 .10 3.76 6.25 4.69 6.42 6.68 92 .02 O. . 3.00 .09 O. 4.27 . lOl .60 TABLE 4.67 8A . S ummary of results classified by year processed Agen c ie s 15 and 16 umitted L02 . lO3 ( .50 O. .25 . 2.09 Yea rs n III .13 . . . . 2.88 0 1 0 17 121 O. 1.00 O. 1 k f x k f 69 585 430 321 82 0.19 .38 .25 .18 .11 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.8 3.8 III 394 168 277 27 0.31 .25 .10 .16 . x 3.00 . .85 .46 5.00 4.29 1.00 3.00 1901- 1945 . 1946- 1950 . 1951- 1955 . 1956-1960 . 1961 - 1965 . 121 . Inform ation sec ti o

n Leader 2.00 1.00 2.60 87 361 1549 1754 1748 726 .04 3.8 6.3 4.4 6.0 4.7 TABLE 9. Summary of results classified by frequency of use Leade r Frequency of use TABLE Summary of results classified by type of reel Leader Information section Type of reel n Daily . 127 Frequently . 1002 Infrequently . 2540 Dead storage . 3730 11. TABLE k f x k 4 94 479 1328 0.03 .09 .19 .36 1.50 3.80 4.52 4.48 3 187 371 881 f 0.02 .19 .15 .24 x 2.67 3.06 5.54 6.53 Information section n Metal. 3965 Plastic . 2353 Core only . 618 Othe r . ll2 Cardboard . 218 Me tal and plastic . 67 k f x k ll63 521 51 59 88 0.29 .22 .08 .53 .40 4.41 4.63 4.51 3.41 4.50 840 411 27 76 65 . 0 0 O. x f 0.21 5.74 5.49 6.63 6.45 7.09 .17 .04 .68 .30 O. . 9A. Summary of results classified by frequenc y of use Agencies 15 and 16 omitted Leader Frequency of use Information section TABLE n 11 A. Summary of results classified by type of reel Age ncies 15 and 16

omitted f k x k f 1.5 3.8 4.8 4.8 3 187 246 647 0.02 .19 .10 .19 x Information section Leader Daily . 127 Frequently . 1002 Infrequently. 2415 Dead stora ge . 3467 TABLE 10. 4 94 362 ll08 0.03 .09 .15 .32 Type of reel 2.7 3.1 4.2 6.6 Metal. ;1676 Plastic . 2317 Core only . 618 Other . 52 Cardboard . 218 Metal and plastic . 67 Summary of results classified by type of container Leader Type of container n 888 5ll 51 10 88 0.24 .22 .08 .19 .40 0 x k 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.5 551 402 27 18 65 . O. f 0 0.15 .17 .04 .35 .30 o. x 5.1 5.5 6.6 2.7 7.1 . Information section k f x k f x 166 0.32 3.66 191 0.37 8.35 1645 49 .25 .75 4.62 3.45 1149 57 .17 .88 5.38 7.47 44 .25 2.30 46 .26 3.98 TABLE 12-1. Summary of results classified by maximum temperature < Temperature (OF) Information section Leader n 61-70 . 59 71-75 . 231 76-80 . 1325 81-85 . 841 10 A. f n Metal can . 519 Cardboard con· tainer .

6643 6,5 Other . Metal can card· board contain er . 175 TABLE k k f x 7 5 287 423 0.12 .02 .22 .50 2.00 2.20 3.67 4.45 f k 5 44 315 169 0.08 .19 .24 .20 x 2.80 4.59 7.49 7.88 Summary of results classified by type of container Agen cies 15 and 16 omitted Leader Type of container Information section n TABLE f k Metal can . 347 Cardboard co n· taine r . 6528 Othe r . 7 Me tal can ca rd· board co ntainer . 134 8 1558 0 3 0.02 .24 O. .02 x f k Temperature (OF) 19 0.05 2.7 4.8 1061 1 .16 .14 5.5 4.0 7.3 5 .04 Summary of results classified by minimum temperature x 2.9 . 12-2. Leader 40-55 . 88 56-65 . 321 66-75 . 2047 4.4 88 Information section n k f x k 0 23 699 O. . 0 10 523 .07 .34 1.39 4.19 f x O. . .03 .26 3.70 7.40 ) I TABLE 12A- 1. Summary of results classified by maximum temperature TABLE 13A-2. Summary of results classified by minimum hum.idity Agen cies 15 and 16 om itted Age ncies 15 and

16 omit ted (OF) n 61-70 . 59 71-75 . 231 76-80 . 1056 81-85 . 841 k f 7 5 67 423 0.12 .02 .06 .50 Leade r Information section Leader Temperature x k 2.0 2.2 3.7 4.4 5 44 75 169 f 0.08 .19 .07 .20 Relative humidity (%) x f k 2.8 4.6 4.0 7.9 1-30 . 485 31-40 . 41 >40 . 1472 TABLE 12A-2. Summary of results classified by minimum temperature Information section n 1 0 477 x O. 4.0 . O. .32 4.3 0 0 283 TABLE 14. Summary of results classified by use x / k . O. . O. 0.19 6.3 0/ air conditioning Agencies 15 and 16 omitted Leader (OF) n 62 40-55 . 56-65 . 321 66-75 . 1804 x f k 0 23 479 Air conditioning used? Information section Leader Temperature . O. 1.4 .07 4.4 .27 f k 0 10 283 x k yes . 1508 No . 11 32 . O. 3.7 .03 6.4 .16 Information section n 278 450 / x 0.18 .40 3.51 4.46 k 356 184 / x 0.24 .16 7.13 7.59 TABLE 14A. Summary of results classified by use of air conditioning TABLE

13-1. Summary of results class ified by maximum humidity Leader Relative humidity (%) Leader Information section Air conditioni ng used? n f k 20-50 . 776 230 0.30 3.9 51-60 . 1513 47S .32 4.3 61-70 . 0 . 71-80 . 0 O. 55 81-95 . 1 0 O. TABLE 13-2. Agen cies 15 and 16 omitted k f 235 283 0.30 . 19 n k / x k / 59 449 0.05 .41 3.0 4.5 117 183 0.09 .1 7 yes . 1266 No . 1106 8.5 6.3 n 1-30 . 691 31-40 . 93 > 40 . 1472 TABLE 13A-1. Summary k / 194 IS 477 0.28 .19 .32 4.2 7.6 . 0 0 O. O. TABLE 15. Summary 0/ results classified by storage location Leader Storage location f Information section x k f 3.S 2.3 4.3 205 24 283 0.30 .26 .19 x 8.7 7.6 6.3 Vault. 1688 Office . 830 10 Basement. Other. 22 Underground or mine . 141 TABLE 15A. Summary 0/ results classified by maximum humidity Inform ation section n k Relative humidity (%) x x Summary of results classified by minimum humidity Leader Information sectio n

x 0.39 410 .07 344 .10 500 . O. 655 55 1 0 26 .18 0/ results 4.58 k 408 123 1 0 11 f x 0.24 8.22 4.21 .15 .10 1.00 . O. .OS 4.46 classified by stora{,e location Agenc ies 15 an d 16 omitted Agencies 15 and 16 omitted Leader Leader Relative humidity (%) Storage location Information section n 20-50 . 544 51-60 . 1487 61-70 . 0 71-80 . 55 SI-95 . 1 k / 19 478 0.03 .32 x k f 5.5 4.3 6 283 0.01 .19 . 0 0 O. O. 0 0 O. O. k x 5.8 6.3 Vault. 1425 Office . 827 Basement. 10 22 Other. Underground or mine . · · ·· · 1 141 89 Information section n 440 52 1 0 26 / x 0.31 4.3 .06 3.4 .10 5.0 O. . .18 4.6 k 174 120 1 0 11 f x 0.12 7.8 4.0 .15 1.0 .10 O. . .OS 4.5 TA BLE 16. Slimmary of results classified by use of hlimidification trays T ABLE 18. Slimmary af reslilts classified by length af leader Leader Leade r H um idi fica tion trays? y es . 78 No . 2532 k f 0. 08 .28 6 721 x 4.83

4.10 x f k 6 529 0.08 .21 4.67 7.36 T ABL E Leade r TABLE n k ye s . 78 No . 2264 6 501 0.08 .22 k f . 13 438 773 194 0.34 .19 .21 .19 3.53 4.38 5.21 Lead er Infor ma ti on sectio n Length (ft) f x x 2.38 4.98 5.93 7.34 Age nc ies 15 and 16 omitted . k Inform ation section 18A. S ummary of results classified by length of leader Agenc ies 15 a nd 16 om itted n f 0 . 38 . 1- 2 . 2295 184 0. 08 3- 5 . 3733 1326 .36 > 5 . 1024 377 .37 16A. Summary of res lilts classified by lise of humidification trays Hum id ification trays? n n k TA B LE Le ngth (ft) In formation section x k f 4.8 4.3 6 289 0.08 .13 x f Information section x 0 . 38 . 102 0.05 3.7 1- 2 . 2203 3- 5 . 3517 1144 4.7 .33 316 .33 5.5 > 5 . 958 4.7 6.3 k f 13 348 583 128 0.34 .16 .17 .13 x 2.38 4.2 6. 1 6.2 17. S wnmaryof rewlts classified by type afleader Leade r Type of leader

Infor mation section TA BLE n f k x 19. Slimmary af res lilts classified by nlimber af splices x k f 239 648 11 0.26 .19 .16 7.10 5.26 5.64 522 13 .18 .34 5.99 2.38 2 .50 2.00 Leader Fogged . 923 274 0.30 ,3 52 Clear . 3427 187 .05 249 Pl astic . 68 8 .12 375 Fogged a nd clear . 29 13 1428 .49 489 No leader . 38 . Clear and pla stic . 4 1 .25 1000 Number of splices Inform ation section n None . 3902 1- 5 . 2176 6- 10 . 344 > 10 . 548 k f x k f 1175 577 52 55 0.30 .27 .15 .10 4.27 4.74 5.58 4.76 859 480 25 35 0.22 .22 .07 .06 x 5.55 6.22 5.48 5.43 < TA B LE 17 A. S limmary of results classified by type of leader Age nc ies I S and 16 om itted TABLE Leade r Type of leader 19A. S ummary of results classified by number of splices Information section Agencies 15 a nd 16 omitted n f k Fogged . 758 Clear . 3220 Pla sti c . 65 Fogged a nd cle ar .

2907 No leade r . 38 Cle ar and pla sti c . 4 11 7 19 5 1424 0 1 0.15 .01 .08 x f k x Leader 3.5 2.7 2.0 75 469 8 0.10 .15 .12 4.9 5.1 2.9 .49 4.9 O. . 516 13 .18 .34 6.0 2.4 2 .50 2.0 .25 10.0 Number of splices None . 3577 1- 5 . 2140 6- 10 . 342 > 10 . 548 90 Inform ation section n k f 900 541 50 55 0.25 .25 .15 .10 x 4.7 4.8 5.5 4.8 k f 563 0.16 .21 .07 .06 444 23 35 x 5.1 6.0 ~ 5.0 I 5.4 ~ TABLE 20. Summary of resuLts classified by agency and number of spLices TABLE 2l. Summary of resuLts classified by type of spLice Leader Information section Leader Agency Numbe r of splices . 137 5 188 31 2 800 813 21 6 212 60 12 12 157 40 III 5 164 31 2 429 419 7 1 15 2 0 2 46 9 1 1 228 62 42 51 77 7 0 0 15 1 0 16 20 15 12 6 5 0 2 0 1 1 334 478 217 511 394 192 14 10 93 16 1 206 195 32 68 54 9 1 11 1 0 . 0 1 4 1 0 5 8 0 1 3 128 3 0 12 3 7 1 3 1 6 11 16 7 1 32 236 1 56 0 4 1 0 1 0 f x k 0.81 1.7 III l.00

l.4 5 .87 3.5 185 4.1 31 l.00 2 l.00 6.5 4.6 204 .54 .52 4.8 256 5.0 4 .33 4.0 3 .17 4 .07 l.l .03 1.0 5 . 2 O. 4 .17 l.5 67 .29 5.1 4.8 .22 35 l.00 100 1 1 5.0 l.00 29 6.2 .68 6.3 36 .13 5.5 10 .19 23 .10 4.9 67 .20 3.5 23 .04 3.3 4 . O. . 4 O. 14 .16 3.9 3.0 1 .06 . 0 O. 46 3.8 .08 22 .10 3.7 3.7 3 .47 3.1 20 .18 .11 2.0 6 4 2.0 .56 . 0 O. 2.0 0 .18 0 . O. f 0.81 l.00 .98 l.00 l.00 .25 .31 .19 .50 .02 .08 .17 .33 .43 .88 l.00 l.00 .09 .08 .05 .05 .17 . 12 .29 .40 .15 .06 . O. .22 3.8 3.5 .11 .09 3.3 .29 3.4 3.8 .11 .44 2.5 . O. o. . . O. . . 0 O. . O. . 4.0 0 O. .25 . . 0 O. O. o. 0 O .33 .02 O. .43 .33 .17 .69 .14 .14 .02 O. O. O. 0 8 . 0 6.0 3 2.0 3 5.0 0 2.1 6 1 2.0 105 2.9 38 3.0 . 2 . 0 1 . 3.0 3.0 O. .06 k x Overlap . 1491 Butt . 1221 Other . 67 Overlap and butt . 189 Overlap and other. 6 Butt and other . 26 3.5 2.8 8.3 10.5 10.5 7.1 7.7 11.2 11.7 2.2 5.4 l.5 4.0 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.0 5.8 4.9 5.0 5.5 3.2 2.3 2.5 2.5

6.5 1.0 TABLE 21A. Information section n n k 15 0 1 to 5 16 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 31 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 40 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 51 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 52 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 61 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 62 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 63 0 1 to 5 71 0 1 to 5 73 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 81 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 82 0 1 to 5 83 0 1 to 5 92 0 1 to 5 101 0 1 to 5 102 0 103 0 1 to 5 III 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 > 10 ] 21 0 Type of splice 487 149 2 27 0 4 f x 0.33 487 .12 469 .03 600 .14 463 . O. .15 425 k 350 139 4 25 0 4 x f 0.23 6.45 .11 4.51 .06 2.50 .13 8.60 O. . .15 3.25 Summary of resuLts classified by type of spLice Agencies 15 and 160milted Leader Typ e of splice k Overlap . 1481 Butt . 1215 Other. 67 Overlap and butt. 189 Overlap and other . 6 Butt and other. 26 TABLE 22. Information section n 477 143 2 27 0 4 f x 0.32 4.9 .12 4.8 .03 6.0 .14 4.6 . O. 4.2 .15 None . 6877 String . 16 Rubber band . 348 Other. 45 Pap er . 15 TABLE

340 133 4 25 0 4 0.23 .11 x 6.5 4.4 2.5 8.6 .06 .13 O. . .15 3.2 Information section n k . f Summary of resuLts classified by type of band Leader Type of band k 1703 0 161 29 2 f x k 0.25 461 1209 . O. 0 .46 324 177 .64 217 35 .13 250 1 x f 0.18 o. 5.72 . .51 .78 .07 6 .46 7.34 7.00 22A. Summary of resuLts ciassified by type of band Agencies l S and 16 omitt ed 4.2 O. . .43 3.7 l.00 5.7 . O. .38 2.2 3.0 .14 .44 4.6 .68 4.0 .50 3.0 . O. 3.0 l.00 Leader Type of band n k None . 6679 String . 16 Rubber band . 195 Other . 9 Paper . 15 I 91 1541 0 15 1 2 f Information section x 0.23 4.8 . O. .08 2.7 .Il 1.0 2.5 .13 k 1037 0 25 1 1 f 0.16 o. .13 .11 .07 x 5.6 . 2.3 2.0 7.0 TABLE 23. Summary of results classified by presence or absence of chemical residues TABLE 25A. Summary of results classified by presence or absence of silvery sheen on dense area Agencies 15 and 16 om itted Information section Leader Chemical residue? n

k yes . 500 No . 6495 298 1554 f x 0.60 .24 3.49 4.67 k 304 1081 f 0.61 .17 Sheen on dense area? x 7.34 5.49 yes . 168 No . 6449 TABLE TABLE 23A. 26. Summary of results classified by presence or absence of chemical residues Information section Leader n k f 50 1471 0.30 .23 x k f 5.5 4.8 76 956 0.45 .15 x 11.2 5.0 Summary of results classified by presence or absence of discoloration or fading Agenc ies 15 and 16 omitted Leader Chemical residue? n yes . 229 No . 6383 k f 50 1468 0.22 .23 Discoloration or fading? Information section Leader x 4.1 4.8 k f 37 994 0.16 .16 x yes . 192 No . 6798 3.8 5.6 TABLE TABLE 24. 26A. Information section n k f x k f 112 1736 0.58 .26 3.58 4.55 125 1255 0.65 .18 Agencies 15 and 16 omitt ed Leader Sheen on leader? n yes . 1042 No . 5912 Inform ation section k f x k f 791 1054 0.76 .18 5.33 3.86 397 970 0.38 . 16 Discoloration or fading? x 7.74

5.08 24A. 27. Summary of results classified by presence or absence of silvery sheen on leaders Information section n yes . 83 No . 6535 TABLE TABLE 8.10 5.62 Summary of results classified by presence or absence of discoloration or fading Summary of results classified by presence or absence of silvery sheen on leaders Leader x k f 14 1507 0.17 .23 x 4.6 4.8 k f 17 1019 0.20 .16 x 8.1 5.5 Summary of results classified by presence or absence of water spots Age ncies 15 and 16 omitted Leader Leader Sheen on leader? n yes . 874 No . 5710 k f 629 888 0.72 .16 Water spots? Information section x 5.6 4.2 k f 230 796 0.26 .14 25. Information section k f x k f 180 1663 0.25 .26 2.24 4.74 291 1077 0.41 .17 yes . 718 No . 6297 6.5 5.2 27A. Agencies 15 and ]6 om itt ed Leader Leader n yes . 284 No . 6705 Information section k f x k f 158 1691 0.56 .25 4.50 4.50 192 1183 0.68 .18 Water spots? yes . 590 No . 6062

10.56 5.10 i Information section n x 92 I 4.52 6.18 Summary of results classified by presence or absence of water spots Summary of results classified by presence or absence of silvery sheen on dense area Sheen on dense area? x x TABLE TABLE n k f 57 1467 0.10 .24 x k f 2.9 4.9 165 869 0.28 .14 x 4.4 5.7 TABLE 28. Summary of results classified by presence or absence of other blemishes TABLE x k f x k f 136 1629 0.48 .26 4.02 4.58 150 1109 0.53 .18 Agency Agencies 15 and 16 omit ted Leader y es . 149 No . 6036 TABLE Informatio n section n x f k 16 1437 0.11 .24 3.6 4.9 18 913 15 16 31 40 51 0.12 .15 5.6 5.8 29 . Summary of results classified by agency and type of leader Information sec tion Leader Agency x f k T ype of leader n k Fogged . 33 33 Clear. 10"1 81 Fogged and clear. I 1 Fogged . 132 124 Clear. 100 87 Plastic . 3 3 Fogged and c1ear. 5 3 Fogged . 11 6 Clear. 376 4 Fogged and clear . 1281

860 Fogged . 99 16 Clear . 162 0 Fogged 38 4 and c1ea r. Fogged . 5 5 Clear. 120 3 Plastic . I 0 f x f k x 1.00 . 76 1.7 1.8 33 81 1.00 .76 3.4 3.6 1.00 .94 .87 1.00 1.0 4.0 3.1 6.7 I 131 98 3 1.00 .99 .98 1.00 2.0 9.3 7.5 13.0 .60 .55 .01 3.3 4.7 2.5 5 4 130 1.00 .36 .35 7.2 11.8 8.8 .67 .16 4.7 l.l 338 4 . 6 .26 .04 .04 7.0 4.8 2.8 .11 1.00 .59 2.8 3.6 2.6 o. .11 1.00 .02 o. 1.2 4.4 3.0 . 4 5 71 0 o. Type of leader Fogged and clear . No leade r. Clear and plastic. 52 Fogged . Clear. Plastic . Fogged and clear. No leader. Clear and plastic . 61 Fogged . Clear . Fogged and clear. No leader . 62 Fogged . Clear. Fogged and clear. No leader . 63 Clear. Fogged and clear. 71 Fogged . Clear. Fogged and clear. 73 Fogged . Clear. Plastic . 81 Fogged . Clear. Fogged and clear. 82 Fogged . C lear. Fogged and clear. 83 Fogged . Clear. Fogged and clear. 92 Fogged . Clear . Plastic . Fogged and clear. 101

Fogged . Clear . Fogged and clear. 102 Fogged and clear. 103 Fogged . C lear. Fogged and clear. III Fogged . Clear. Plastic . No leade r. Clear and plastic. 9.01 5.70 28A . Summary of results classified by presence or absence of other ble mishes Other blemishes? Summary of results classified by Agency and type of leader- Co ntinu ed Informati on sec tion Leader n yes . 281 No . 6241 29. Information section Lea de r Other bl e mi shes? TAB LE . 93 n k f x 69 48 .70 5.3 8 . 2 62 609 21 1 28 2 0 .50 .45 .00 o. 10.0 5.6 4.5 . k f x 23 7 .33 .88 2.6 2.6 1 14 15 0 .50 .23 .02 2.0 6.4 5.2 6.0 69 841 354 .42 6 . 0 1 14 299 0 3 3 306 81 7 . 4 2 65 1 o. .21 .01 .26 . .50 .02 . 3.3 2.3 3.5 . " . 3.5 4.0 3.9 37 13 .35 4 . .00 3.0 310 1 93 8 36 35 6 0 56 4 29 29 2 4 21 3 3 5 0 0 o. o. 7 1 6 2 0 0 o. o. 2 1 7 1 0 0 o. o. 3 71 61 1 25 I 1 0 0 2 o. o. 4 2 4 4 0 0 o. o. 6 1 38 48 2 11 0 I .38

.75 o. .38 .75 .10 .17 .29 .50 .33 .01 .08 1.00 .17 3.8 4.0 . 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 . . 2.0 . . 0 3 55 1 2 4 .18 .14 .50 .06 3.3 2.0 3.5 5.5 5.0 .24 9 0 59 o. 10 0 18 o. 5 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 2 3.0 . 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.0 . 5.1 . 44 0 0 0 . .08 o. o. . .21 .15 4.0 . . o. . . 4 2 0 5.0 0 . 2. 1 4 2 2.0 . 19 .11 7.0 . 3.8 3.4 . .50 3.1 .09 .50 .14 .14 4.4 4.0 3.8 2.5 o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. .03 .11 o. . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.6 . .08 4.5 1.00 1.00 3.2 7.5 o. o. . . I .04 .50 2.5 1.5 3.0 90 32 .36 2.9 31 2.0 106 194 2 .01 7 0 o. . 4 4 7 . I 0 o. . I .34 .55 .57 .57 1.00 4.5 4.6 3.2 2.0 2.0 .29 o. .50 .11 TABLE 30. Summary of results classified by type of leader and length of leader Information section Leader Length Type of leader n k 0.20 .32 .44 3.92 3.11 3.90 50 109 13 0.19 .24 .46 6.10 6.52 8.44 Clear . 1 to 2 fl 3 to 5 ft. > 5 ft. 1780 1284 236 71 102 5

.04 .08 .02 3.04 2. 13 2.20 342 271 20 .19 .21 .08 4.96 5.58 6.45 Plastic . 1 to 2 ft 3 to 5 fl. > 5 fl. 44 14 6 6 1 0 9 1 0 .20 .07 5.11 14.00 1 to 2 ft. 3 to 5 ft. > 5 ft. 203 1972 617 53 1075 300 1 to 2 ft. 3 to 5 ft. > 5 ft. 1 2 1 0 0 1 Leader Agency 31 40 51 52 61 .14 3.50 7.00 .07 . O. 3.85 4.76 5.55 .26 .55 .49 31. Overlap . 5 5 Overlap . 5 5 Butt . 6 6 Overlap . 711 380 But!. 86 45 Overlap and butt . 58 11 Ove rlap . 10 1 But!. 58 1 Other . 0 3 Overlap and other . 1 0 Butt and oth er . 10 1 Overlap . 0 3 Butt . 37 9 Other . 2 1 Overlap . 324 71 Butt . 714 69 Other . 12 0 Overlap and butt . 128 16 Overlap and oth er. 0 1 Overlap . 150 5 But!. 39 0 Other . 18 1 x f 1.00 1.00 1.00 .32 .28 2.8 10.2 8.0 7.5 9.2 .19 4.8 .10 1.0 .02 1.0 O. . 18 2 6 1 .31 .20 .10 .33 10.3 8.5 3.3 3.0 . 0 O. .10 2.0 2 O. . 3 .24 4.8 32 .50 100 2 .22 6.1 46 .10 5.4 16 O. . 0 .13 4.5 O. . .03 2.6 O. . .06 2.0 6 0 21 8 0

O. 2.00 1.00 . O. 2.00 1.00 1 0 1 Summary of results classified by agency and type of splice - Conti nued Type of splice 6 I -Con. Overlap and butt . Ove rlap and other. Butt and other . 62 Overlap . Butt . Other. 63 Overlap . Butt . Other. Butt and other. 71 Overlap . Other . 73 Overlap . 81 Overlap . Other . 82 Overlap . 83 Overlap . Other . 92 Overlap . Butt. 101 Overlap . 103 Butt . III Overlap . Butt . . 4.7 O. .14 2.4 .21 2.1 O. 94 Inform ation section n k .20 3.0 1.00 3.7 .86 2.8 1.00 2.0 .14 5.8 .02 3.6 O. . .05 3.66 6.01 6.74 .17 .20 .16 x 5 5 6 226 24 1.00 1.00 1.00 .53 .52 1.4 3.4 3.2 4.9 4.4 k . Leader Information section Agency f o. 35 388 99 . O. . O. 1.00 10.0 TABLE n k 15 16 x f k 53 144 70 Summary of results classified by agency and type of splice Ty pe of splice x 262 450 160 Clear and plastic. 31. f Fogged . 1 to 2 ft 3 to 5 ft. > 5 ft. Fogged and clear. TABLE f x f k 2

0 O. . 1 0.50 4 0 O. . 0 O. 1 7 7 3 13 162 4 1 1 0 0 0 17 0 1.00 .14 O. O. O. .10 O. 15 67 1 10 1 1 5 1 2 11 1 3 7 26 36 2 12 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 .13 .18 O. .50 O. O. O. 1.00 O. O. O. .33 .14 O. .03 8.0 3.0 . . . 3.8 . 3.5 3.1 I 0 1 0 3 17 1 1 20 . 0 2.0 4 . 0 . 0 . 0 3.0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 2.0 3 2.0 1 . 12 3:0 28 x 1.0 . 1.00 5.0 O. .14 1.0 O. .23 3.0 .10 3.6 .25 3. 0 .07 .30 O. .40 O. O. O. O. o. O. O. 1.00 .14 .46 .78 2.0 3.4 . 2.5 . . . . . . . 5.7 3.0 4.2 3.8 .~ TABL E 32. Sllmmary of results classified by agency and type afband Leader Age ncy T ype of band Leader Age ncy Type of band f k i f 100 74 0.74 1.6 74 0.74 3.3 42 42 1.00 1.9 42 1.00 3.9 None . Rubber band . Other. 98 88 .90 3.9 98 1.00 9.2 III 104 28 .94 .78 3.8 2.2 IlO 36 34 .99 .94 8.4 7.5 3] Non e . 1666 868 .52 4.7 472 .28 7.5 40 No ne . Rubber band . Other. 280 20 .07 1.2 14 .05 3.8 15 3 0 0 No ne . Rubber band

. Other . Paper . 185 52 18 3 2 3 52 No ne . 1545 61 No ne . Rubbe r band . III . 0 . I .33 . 2.0 .28 5.4 92 .50 2.8 2 .17 .33 1.00 2.3 1.0 2.5 16 0 0 384 .25 6.0 98 .06 5.3 595 81 .14 3.4 86 .14 3.0 4 1 .25 3.0 1 .25 2.0 None . Rubber band . P a per. 81 10 .12 4.3 11 .14 7.5 24 2 5 0 .21 3.2 . 4 0 .17 2.5 No n e . Other . 399 1 36 0 3.8 . 67 0 71 No ne . 100 27 .27 3.4 23 .23 3.3 73 No ne . Rubber band . 58 9 .16 2.0 8 .14 3.6 6 2 .33 2.0 2 .33 2.0 No ne . Rubbe r band ." 7 2 .29 2.0 0 O. . 6 0 O. . 0 o. . 4 0 O. . 0 O. . 5] 62 63 81 82 83 92 IOJ No ne . Rubbe r ba nd . Rubbe r band . ] O. O. Info rmation sec tion n i None . Rubber ba nd . 16 Summary of results classified by agency and type of band - Co ntinu e d Informati o n sec ti o n n k 15 32. TABLE O. .89 O. O. None . Rubbe r band . Paper . k f i

294 33 .Il 2.9 143 .49 4.4 I 1 0 1.00 3.0 . I 1 1.00 .50 5.0 7.0 2 O. 5 1 .09 O. .20 4.0 0 o. .1 7 O. O. O. 1.9 . TABLE 33. Summary of res ults classified by st orage location and year of purchase Age nc ies 15 a nd 16 om itt ed 3.0 0 None . Rubber band . 120 3 .02 3.0 10 .08 4.2 37 0 I .03 5.0 No ne . 10 4 6 .60 4.7 5 .0 102 No n e . 6 I .17 5. 0 0 103 No n e . . Rubbe r band . O th e r . P a pe r . 41 11 .27 2.2 7 l.0 . 0 0 0 ] ] ] l.00 0 4 0 O. O. . O. .17 O. O. o. . 2.3 . . . 95 f i k f i 232 655 571 555 28 1 111 341 157 226 49 0.48 .52 .27 .41 .17 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.4 3.5 143 186 68 128 5 0.62 .28 .12 .23 .02 6.6 6.9 5. 1 8.2 2.6 Office ]901- 1945 . 56 1946--1950 . 69 1951-1955 . 314 1956--1960 . 380 1961- 1965 . 57 12 6 23 24 .2 1 .09 .07 .06 .02 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.6 2.0 22 6 66 48 0 .39 .09 .2 1 . 13 3.5 5.3 3.9 3.8 .50 .25 .67 .18 4.7 3.2 . 10.0

4.3 0 23 0 1 3 .28 .16 .39 .16 .18 5.2 6.1 6.0 6.7 4.3 . . . .09 .40 Vault 1901- 1945 . 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . 1956--1960 . 1961- 1965. . I . k 3.7 . Inform ation section n S torage a nd yea r o f purc hase . Il O. i . Leader O. f k I Basement 1901- 1945 . 1946--1950 . , 195 1-1955 . 1956--1960 . 1961-1965 . 18 53 2 3 17 9 13 0 2 3 U nd ergro und or mine 1901- 1945 . 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . 1956--1960 . , 1961- 1965 . 188 342 53 1 373 60 53 56 208 59 Oth e r 1901- 1945 . 2 1946--1950 . 8 1951- 1955 . Il4 1956--1960 . Il 1961-1965 . 18 11 0 0 0 0 0 O. O. O. O. O. O. . . . . O. . O. . .43 O. 3.3 . .33 .18 1.0 2.3 53 10 13 18 6 .28 .03 .02 .05 .10 5.3 3.7 2.9 7.6 6.0 1 1 8 0 0 .50 .13 .07 4.0 2.0 5.9 O. o. . . TABLE 34. Summary of results classified by type of container and maximum humidity 36. Summary of results clcu;sified by manufacturer

and p rocessor TABLE Age ncies 15 and 16 omitted Leader f k Manu· facturer Information sec tion n Container a nd maximum humidity x f k 13 41 0 0 O. 0 0 O. O. O. 37 3 0 0 O. O. 0 1 O. .33 Other- Percent: 2G-50 . 6 0 O. 0 O. TABLE Metal can -Percent: 61-70 . 6 71-75 . 8 76-80 . 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 O. O. O. Cardboard co ntain e rPercent: 61-70 . 71-75 . 76-80 . 81-85 . 47 221 954 804 7 5 67 423 Metal can and cardboard container P ercent : 61-70 . 71-75 . 76-80 . 81-85 . 0 2 1 37 0 0 0 0 O. O. Other- Percent: 71-75 . 6 0 2.0 2.2 3.7 4.4 .11 .20 .08 .21 O. O. 0 0 1 0 O. O. 1.00 O. O. 0 O. x 1.1 3.0 . 3 65 0 0 .06 3.3 9.0 .97 . O. 5 0 1 0 0 1.00 1.4 . O. 1.00 2.0 O. . . O. 5 I 0 0 0 1.00 2.4 3.0 1.00 . O. . O. 3 14 18 19 7 1 31 3 0 0 .43 3.3 . O. . O. 7 0 0 8 .9 1.00 . O. . O. 4 7 10 14 18 20 25 41 42 46 47 126 4 124 16 1 3 170 1 1 114 2 0 118 0 1 0 47 1 1 114 .02 1.5 . O. 4.0

.95 O. . 1.00 3.0 .06 3.3 . O. 1.00 8 .8 .Bl 4.4 lD.O 1.00 . O. .28 4.3 1.00 8.0 2.0 1.00 1.00 1.7 7 0 124 13 I 0 25 0 1 114 O. . .15 6.1 . O. 1.00 4 .0 1.00 3.5 6 7 10 12 14 17 18 19 20 24 25 27 32 88 I 9 10 39 203 126 1534 32B 1886 9 1 0 1 1 9 7 24 3 830 35 443 1 1 . O. 1.00 5.0 4.0 . 11 .90 3.8 . IB 2.1 .12 3.2 .02 3.0 4.7 .54 .11 3.9 .23 5.8 .11 2.0 1.00 6.0 2 1 0 10 9 lD2 11 450 64 193 0 1 .02 8.5 4.0 1.00 . O. 1.00 7.3 .23 3.4 .50 4 .4 .09 4 .3 .29 7.5 .20 3.8 4 .2 .lD . O. 1.00 3.0 B 25 2 0 O. . 0 O. 10 7 19 20 26 19 1 183 1 0 0 0 0 O. O. O. O. . . . . 0 0 0 1 . O. . O. O. . 1.00 3.0 4.0 O. O. O. 5 44 74 169 .15 .02 .07 .53 0.36 .82 f 5 1 I 3 4 f k f k k 14 18 25 41 42 Information section Leader x 17 55 0 Agencies 15 and 16 omitted n f 47 67 1 35. Summary of results classified by type of container and maximum temperature Container and maximum te mperature k Information section 7 14 18 2 Cardboard contain erpercent:

.04 55 6 .01 58 19 2G-50 . 488 .20 63 51-{i0 . 1443 478 .33 43 282 61-70 . 0 . 0 O. 71-80 . 55 0 O. Metal can and cardboard containe r-Percent : 2G-50 . 51-{i0 . Leader n x 1 Me tal ca n - P erce nt: 2G-50 . 51-ti0 . Proc· essor 2.8 4.6 4.0 7.9 4.00 96 O. O. . . TABLE: 37. 8. References Summary of results classified by activity of lise and year of plirchase Agenc ies 15 and 16 omitted Activ it y and ye ar of purchase Information section Leader n f k i f k i Daily 1901 - 1945 . 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . 1956--1960 . 1961-1965 . : 8 11 20 21 7 3 1 0 0 0 Frequently 1901-1945 . 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . · 1956--1960 . 1961-1965 . · 25 102 84 216 50 4 10 7 18 4 .16 .10 .08 .08 .08 4.5 4.6 4.1 5.4 3.8 8 19 19 56 3 .32 .19 .23 .26 .06 4.2 3.6 2.4 2.8 1.7 Infrequently 1901 - 1945 . · 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . 1956--1960 . 1961-1965 . 171 168 837 629 145 35 17 200 45 4 .20 .10

.24 .07 .03 4.4 4.4 5.8 2.7 2.8 45 7 80 49 2 .26 .04 .10 .08 .01 5.6 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.0 Dead storage 1901- 1945 . 1946--1950 . 1951-1955 . 1956--1960 . 1961-1965 . 296 860 612 512 236 143 389 185 262 57 .48 .45 .30 .51 .24 4.8 5.0 4.6 5.1 3.7 166 211 73 141 11 .56 .25 .12 .28 .05 6.2 6.5 5.0 8.2 4.5 0.38 10 .09 30 O. . . O. . O. 2 1 0 0 0 1.0 0.25 6.0 .09 O. . O. . O. . [I] McCamy, C. S, Inspection of processed photographic record films for aging blemishes, NBS Handbook 96, U.S Gov! Printing Office, Washington, D.C 20402 (jan 24, 1964) [2] Henn, R. W, and Wiest, D G, Microscopic spots in processed microfilm, Pho!. Sci Eng 7,253 (1963) [3] James, T. H, The stability of silver filaments, Pho! Sci Eng 9, 121 (1965). [4] Henn, R. W, Wiest, D G, and Mack, Bernadette D, Microscopic spots in processed microfilm : The effect of iodide, Pho! Sci. Eng 9, 167 (1965) [5J McCamy, C. S, and Pope, C I , Current research on preservation of archival records on silver-gelatin type

microfilm in roll form , J. Res NBS 69A (phys and Chern), No5, 385 (1965). [6] Henn, R. Wo and Mack, B D , A gold protective treatment for microfilm, Phot. Sci Eng 9,378 (1965) [7] Henn, R. W, and Wiest, D G, Properties of gold-treated microfilm images, Pho! Sci Eng 10,15 (1966) [8] Pope, C. I , Blemish formation in processed mi crofilm, J Res NBS, 72A (phys. and Ch ern) , No3 , 251 (1968) (paper 73Al-538) NOTE: The General Services Administration forms 1990A and 1990 are shown on the following pages. 97 GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION PAGE MICROFILM BLEMISH INSPECTION WORKSHEET PAGES OF INSTRUCTIONS.-Prepate a separate worksheet for each roll of microfilm selected for inspection (See GSA Form 1990, Report on Microfilm Blemishes, for instructions concerning stratum and sample selection.) Number worksheets in consecutive order within each stratum inspected. SUBMIT ALL WORKSHEETS WITH REPORT NAME 4. ROLL IDENTIFICATION SERIES FILM DATA YEAR PROCESSED FREQUENTLY c.

1NFREOUENTLy CARDBOARD c. OTHER Dc. STORAGE AND USE DATA ~~ "- 011-"0 d. DEAD STORAGE (Specify) o CORE ONLY o . b• a. VAULT OTHER Z 0 0 d. OTHER (Specify) b. OFF ICE SPACE Dc. BASEMENT (Specify) STILL USED? ~u MAINTAINED SINCE NO IT (If -NO,· describe significant deviations on reverse) Dc. PLASTIC Od. II OR MORE b. ADD ON d. OTHER (Spec ify) INSPECTION DATA , i. NO INSPECTED BY GSA J~ZR~4 1990A REPORT NO. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION REPORT ON MICROFILM BLEMISHES IN STRUCTION S.-Prepare a separate report summa rizing worksheet data for each stratum of microfilm inspected Before in s pection, divide microfilm holdings into separate homogenous groups (stratum) which are distinguished by photographically s ignificant differences , such as processing date or place , storage conditions, film size, and film make. Inspections should be on a sample basis The sample should be 1/1000 of the stratum but not less than 100 rolls.

Inspect complete stratum if less than 100 roll s I. DE PARTMEN T OR AGENCY 2. BUREAU OR SE RV I CE 3. COLL ECTION T ITL E 4. SER I ES 5. ST RATUM 6. NUMBER OF ROLLS IN STRATUM 7. NUMBER 8. CHARACTER I STICS OF THE STRATUM NAME (Name or no.) ~F ROLLS I N SAMPLE IDENTI FI CATION OF FILM IN SP ECTED 9. ( a) TYPE BLEM I SHE S FOUND IN STRATUM ( b) FRA!ES NEXT TO LEADER NUMBER ROLLS ,. OF SAMPLE ( COL ~ ( 2 ) 7- ITEM 7) C2 ) 13) NUMB ER OF 1 1) LEADER ( c) NUMBER ROL L S .,:, OF SMt PLE ( COL. (4) -T ITEM ]} 14) lsi 16i OF CENTER FRA!ES ,. OF ~AMPLE (COL. (6) -;- ITEM 7 ) OF ROLLS 171 2 SUMMAR Y OF BLEMI SHES FOUND 3 I 4 l 5 6 10 . SUMMAR IZE ON REVERSE SI DE APPARENT CAUSES FOR BLEMISHES AS REPORTED IN ITEM 26 OF THE MI CRO FILM BLEM I SH INSPECT ION WORKSHEET (GSA FORM 1990A) FOR TH IS STRATUM . PREPARED BY GSA DC 11 . 6 ,( ·9 7 50 NAME I T I TL E T EL EPHONE NO. I DATE 1 GSA F"ORM JAN 6 4 1990