Irodalom | Tanulmányok, esszék » Hasan-Sayakhan - Orwells Anthropomorphic Representation of Politicians and Common People in Animal Farm

Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Orwell’s Anthropomorphic Representation of Politicians and Common People in Animal Farm Mariwan N. Hasan English Department College of Basic Education Sulaimani University Mariwan152@live.com Najat I. Sayakhan English Department College of Basic Education Sulaimani University Abstract This paper attempts to explore the use of anthropomorphism in George Orwell’s novella, Animal Farm. It also points out the authors intention in the use of anthropomorphism This explication aims at laying a finger on Orwells overuse of anthropomorphism in the novella, focusing on its meaning and usage. Anthropomorphism, which is our main concern in this inquiry, is one of the figures of speech. Theories of anthropomorphism and its specifications are highlighted. The analysis of the novella and a corpus-based investigation of anthropomorphism is analysed in Animal Farm, trying to find out

Orwell’s motives behind this linguistic device. Then the linguistic device is applied in the novella Animal Farm, and to find out a proper approach to teach the use of anthropomorphism in Orwells Animal Farm. Orwell uses anthropomorphism in the novella Animal Farm to portray people of power and the ordinary people during the Soviet Revolution, and to unveil his feelings about it. In general, this inquiry demonstrates that this linguistic device has a key role and that the decorations outlook needs more reassessment. Keywords: Anthropomorphism, George Orwell, Animal Farm, Characters, Politicians. http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 146 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Introduction In literature always much space has been given over to a linguistic approach to the issues and interrelationships of figures of speech such as; anthropomorphism, metaphor, simile, symbolism (Enkvist and Spencer, 1964).

The key objective of literature is to amuse readers. Either deeply or subtly, it can affect readers, and one should attentively look for its essential message (ibid.) It is considered to be the expression of an individual of his own real vision, communicated via images and symbols. In the two cases, literature is not considered in that capacity, but rather assessed on a wide sociopolitical or an unclear psychologico-impressionistic foundation (ibid). Literary devices are the art totality of literature (Viktore, 1966). Artistic style is the style of literary works actualized in all segments of a literary work, i.e on the level of expansive, thoughts, plot. Subsequently the objective of most complex investigations is not just to depict the formal highlights of literary works for their own particular purpose, yet, to demonstrate their practical noteworthiness for the understanding of the content (Cousin, 2002). Metaphorical language utilizes different methods of expression - a method for

saying an option that is other than the exact meaning of the words (Coughran, 1907). One of the theories of the literary device, anthropomorphism is talked about in Animal Farm. George Orwell plans to communicate something specific by implication about what occurred between 1930 - 1950 by using animals. This novella, Animal Farm was distributed in England on 17 August 1945. As indicated by Orwell, the book reflects occasions paving the way to and amid the Stalin period precisely before the Second World War, and it was composed when the wartime organization together with the Soviet Union was at its stature and it was at first rejected by various British and American distributers. Whats more, this novella was an extremely fascinating, complex, and advising novella. In the novella, George Orwell utilizes farm animals to depict individuals of energy and the everyday citizens amid the Russian Revolution. The novella begins off with Major disclosing to every one of the animals in the

homestead how they are being dealt with wrongly and how they can over toss their proprietor, Mr. Jones They at long last join forces against their owner and he leaves the ranch. At that point they begin their own particular ranch with their own particular standards and edicts. Initially the two individuals responsible for the Animal Farm, which they titled it, were Napoleon and Snowball (Wikipedia, 2013). The figure of speech that is utilized is anthropomorphism, and this last is the attribution of human qualities to something that is not human (Peters, 2004). Thus, the novella is an extraordinary gem in humanoid attribution and images. The writer here needs to enlighten the reader regarding the socialism and different sorts of government in light of the fact that in this story Mr. Jones the owner of the homestead is in threat of losing his ranch (Stephen, 1949). The animals are arranging a resistance to people since they are treating them awfully. Old major the most seasoned animal

and the smartest sort out every last bit of it. At the point when Old Major dies, Snowball, Napoleon and Squealer lead the pack of everything in light of the fact that the pigs are considered as the smartest animals in the ranch. After that Napoleon takes the leader of the country (ibid) http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 147 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 In Paul De Mans theory it is demonstrated that anthropomorphism is the credit of human features to any nonliving object, abstract concept, or impersonal being. In Animal Farm one finds that the pigs have a significant role in representing human being. Anthropomorphism: Definition and Origins Anthropomorphism, according to Oxford Advanced American Dictionary, refers to certain beliefs or ideas in which gods, animals, or objects are treated as if they possess human qualities, traits, emotions, or intentions (2011). It is considered to be an

innate tendency of human psychology. In our daily life, we routinely attribute human emotions and qualities to wild and domestic animals. In fairy tales and fables, anthropomorphic animal characters were so familiar by the first century. The author depicts animals so pleasingly and makes them interesting to mankind. Some animals appear royal to us, others seem silly, some others seem criminal, and others appear innocent, witty, or treacherous. Children literature of the nineteenth century is rich with anthropomorphic characters such as those in Lewis Carroll’s Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865), The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) by Carlo Collodi and The Jungle Book (1894) by Rudyard Kipling, all employing anthropomorphic elements (Wikipedia 2017). Pigs Representing Politicians Old Major Old Major is the founder of Animalism. He represents Marx, however in some ways additionally symbolizes the first leader of communism, Lenin. The book additionally says that Old Major has been

displayed at appears under the name Willingdon Beauty who is endeavoring to prompt animals against individuals and give them reasons and confirmations about the vile of people to make dissidence between individual animals. The Old Major said: [] why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come, it might be in a week or in a hundred years (Animal Farm: 5) The Old Major is arranging a disobedience to the owner of the farm Mr. Jones, thus, animals go about as people particularly that they had influenced a meeting and they choose to make a Rebellion since they see that Mr. Jones does not give them their rights which was his manly conduct. Orwell intends to state that The Old Major is the founder of Animalism, which resents Karl Marx, however in some ways likewise symbolizes the first comrade leader - Vladimir Lenin. The book additionally says that Old Major had been

displayed at shows under the name Willingdon Beauty. Napoleon Stalin, the second leader of the Soviet Union is represented through the pig, Napoleon. Animal Farm ignores Lenins rule, which was short (and appears to combine Lenin with the charisma of Old Major), and demonstrates Napoleon as the leader of the farm from the beginning of the revolution. One Sunday morning when the animals assembled to receive their orders Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not, http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 148 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 of course, for any commercial purpose but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary (Animal Farm: 42) The animals here intended to draw in with exchange like human, and this sort of medications is human (between individuals or nations) to

make arrangements or exchanges. Other than that, exchange has rules, so we comprehend that the animals act like people, and Orwells rationale here is to demonstrate the Nazi-Soviet agreement (Segritti, 2003). Napoleon uses his nine loyal attacking dogs as a military force to intimidate and get the other animals under control and consolidate his power. He proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball Snowball Snowball is Trotsky in the novella. Trotsky was one of the first progressives Perhaps, as Stalin rose to control he ended up noticeably one of Stalins greatest foes, and was inevitably ousted from the Politburo in 1925 - one year after Stalin took control of the country. In the novella, Snowball is ousted from the ranch similarly as Trotsky had been in 1929. In any case, Trotsky was not just banished in body, he was additionally ousted from the psyches of the Russian individuals. His verifiable part was modified; his face cut out of gathering photos of the leaders of the

unrest. In Russia he was reviled as a trickster and backstabber and in 1940 a Stalinist agent killed him in Mexico City (ibid). [] do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL! , he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder, Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion, this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year (Animal Farm: 47). Personified Horses Horses in Animal Farm represent the middle and working class of revolutionary Russia. Boxer Boxer represents the labour class. Boxer is depicted similar to a committed specialist, however as having a not as much as normal insight. In the following section, Boxer communicates regret subsequent to having exacted physical mischief upon a person while guarding the farm from a looming assault (Segritti, 2003). He is dead, Boxer said sorrowfully. I had no intention of doing that I

forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose? (Animal Farm: 28). Clover Clover shows Boxers female partner. In the following section, clover is endeavoring to learn the letter set A, B, C, D. But learning is a human conduct and is an exemplary case of the task of human attributes to animals i.e learning while, all things considered, animals cannot learn like humans (ibid). Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof (Animal Farm: 21). http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 149 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Personified Dogs The military or police are represented through the dogs. All through Animal Farm, the canines are for the most part depicted as indiscriminately loyal and negligible portrayal is given as to the way the

puppies attributes create throughout the story. In any case, the following section personifies the dogs such that uncovers they are in reality ready to read, and also their intellectual advantages or scarcity lack thereof (ibid.) The dogs learned to read fairly well, but were not interested in, reading anything except the Seven Commandments (Animal Farm: 21). Personified Sheep The sheep represent the majority on the loose. They similar to horses are described regarding their visually impaired acquiescence to the pigs; but, not being guilty is more highlighted similar to their straightforwardness of psyche. The following entry suggests their capacity to remember an expression and also the capacity to verbally review the retained data (Segritti, 2003). When they had once got it by heart the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating Four legs good, two legs bad! Four legs good, two legs bad! and keep it up for hours on

end, never growing tired of it (Animal Farm: 21). Personified Birds Moses The tame crow who tells stories of Sugar candy Mountains, the paradise where animals are supposed to go after death. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses the raven to state how communist system exploits religion as something with which the oppressed is pacified. Conclusion To conclude, anthropomorphism is the attribution of human qualities to any lifeless thing dynamic idea or impersonal being which George Orwell utilizes as a part of Animal Farm. Furthermore, this figure of speech conveys in a way like no other keeping in mind the end goal to beautify or open up, to teach or clear up, to propel or control, to uncover the reason or to avoid consideration far from a lacking framework and perhaps a blend of the above. Without anthropomorphism, the main character, which is an animal, would not be able to express his feelings. However, with anthropomorphism, a non-fictional event can be

fictionalized (Starkey, 1962). The novella Animal Farm is an extremely intriguing, complex, and educating novella. In the novella, Orwell utilizes farm animals to depict individuals at power and the everyday citizens amid the Russian Revolution. Mr Jones, the head of the farm where the story takes place, is the human character who represents the oppression, and the animals attempt a conspiracy to overthrow their oppressors, becoming ever more human-like in the process (enotes.com) The novella begins off with Major disclosing to every one of the animals in the farm how they are being dealt with http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 150 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 wrongly and how they can over toss their owner, Mr. Jones They at last bother their owner and he leaves the ranch. At that point, they begin their own ranch with their own principles and precepts Initially the two individuals accountable

for the Animal Farm are Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon is truly covetous and needs all the ability to be his, so he gets the animals to turn on Snowball and influence him to leave the ranch. After Napoleon assumed control over the pigs, he began defying the decrees that the pigs, and the various animals, composed and recorded toward the start of their assume control. Before long the pigs have ignored, and changed each law there was from the earliest starting point, and the pigs begin acting and looking like people. After that Animal Farm gradually begins to lose power and Mr. Jones reclaims over Despite the fact that the animals cannot speak, write, plan, read or drink wine, they act like human and that what makes the story all the more intriguing and vivid and Critics take note of that Orwell is underlining a fundamental precept of human instinct: some will dependably exist who are more driven, merciless, and willing to get control than whatever is left of society and some inside

society will surrender control for security and structure. In that sense Animal Farm is viewed as a wake up call, cautioning readers of the traps of upset (encyclopedia, 2008). The significant piece of tone and mentality is anthropomorphism in this novella. Practically every character is a portrayal of a specialist figure in the world then that is why the writer George Orwell does that since he needs to demonstrate how bestial the conduct of the general population was. He likewise needs to portray the circumstance encompassing the Cold War without really using those occasions or individuals (Grant and Stringer, 1995). http://www.ijhcscom/indexphp/ijhcs/index Page 151 Volume 4 December Issue 3 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 References Antin, M., 1912, The Promised Land Boston and New York: The Riverside Press Almatrafi, M., 2006, Oxford Thesaurus in A-Z form Bassmann, H., 1998, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics

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